Most bumps on the eyelid are styes. A stye is an inflamed oil gland on the edge of your eyelid, where the lash meets the lid. It appears as a red, swollen bump that looks like a pimple. It is tender, especially to the touch.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

A stye is caused by bacteria from the skin that get into the oil glands in the eyelids that provide lubrication to the tear film. Styes are similar to common acne pimples that occur elsewhere on the skin. You may have more than one stye at the same time.

Styes usually develop over a few days and may drain and heal on their own. A stye can become a chalazion — this is when an inflamed oil gland becomes fully blocked. If a chalazion gets large enough, it can cause trouble with your vision.

Other possible eyelid bumps include:

• Xanthelasma — raised yellow patches on your eyelids that can happen with age. These are harmless, although they are occasionally a sign of high cholesterol.

• Papillomas — pink or skin-colored bumps. They are harmless, but can slowly grow, affect your vision, or bother you for cosmetic reasons. If so, they can be surgically removed.
• Cysts — small fluid-filled sacs that can affect your vision.

Symptoms

In addition to the red, swollen bump, other possible symptoms include:

• A gritty, scratchy sensation as if there is a foreign body
• Sensitivity to light
• Tearing of your eye
• Tenderness of the eyelid

Signs and tests

A doctor can diagnose a stye just by looking at it. Special tests are usually not necessary.

Treatment

• Styes and chalazions can be treated by applying warm compresses. Apply for 10 minutes. Do this four times a day.
• Do NOT attempt to squeeze a stye or any other type of eyelid bump. Let it drain on its own.
• Some large styes need to be lanced to drain the infection.

Expectations (prognosis)

Styes often get better on their own. However, they may recur. The outcome is generally excellent with simple treatment.

Complications

• Recurrence of a stye
• Spread of infection to other eyelash follicles
• Spread of infection to the tissue of the eyelid (eyelid cellulitis)

Prevention

Always wash your hands thoroughly before touching the skin around your eye. If you are susceptible to styes, it may help to carefully clean off excess oils from the edges of your lids.

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